The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.